Biotechnologically produced chitosan for nanoscale products. A legal analysis.

Conventionally, chitosans are derived from shrimp and other crustacean shells. Biotechnology offers an alternative route to produce chitosans and more importantly, specific chitosan structures tailored to the needs of a diversity of industries.

However, for biotech chitosans and products thereof to be commercialised, legislation should not create a burden. Here, the requirements of the EU regulatory framework have been analysed for the entire chain from research to development and production of several potential applications including nanomaterials.

The animal or biotechnological origin leads to specific requirements in production of the raw material. No EU legislation dedicated to nanomaterials has been adopted. Instead, products are governed under the respective existing product legislation subject to extra requirements for safety assessment.

2-Thio-PAF

T19104-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Thio-PAF

2-Thio-UTP

NU-1151L 5 x 10µl
EUR 198.94

2-Thio-UTP

NU-1151S 10µl
EUR 54.58

2-Thio-dTTP

B8100-.01 10ul (100 mM)
EUR 90

2-Thio-dTTP

B8100-.05 50ul (100 mM)
EUR 433

2-Thio-dTTP

B8100-.1 100ul (100 mM)
EUR 794

2-Thio-dCTP

B8104-.01 10ul (100 mM)
EUR 90

2-Thio-dCTP

B8104-.05 50ul (100 mM)
EUR 433

2-Thio-dCTP

B8104-.1 100ul (100 mM)
EUR 794

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

T29374-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

T29374-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: 2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

T29374-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

T29374-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

T29374-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

HY-18762 10mM/1mL
EUR 165.6

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

T6746-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

T6746-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

T6746-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

T6746-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

T6746-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

2-Thio-6-Oxypurine_x000D__x000D_

T11515 1G
EUR 169.71

Thio-NAD

9483-1000 each
EUR 1299.6

Thio-NAD

9483-250 each
EUR 627.6

Thio-NAD

9483-50 each
EUR 235.2

Thio-ITP

T40359-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP

Thio-ITP

T40359-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP

Thio-ITP

T40359-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP

Thio-ITP

T40359-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP

Thio-ITP

T40359-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP

Thio-TEPA

B3742-1000 1 g
EUR 165.6

Thio-TEPA

B3742-5.1 10 mM (in 1mL DMSO)
EUR 135.6

Thio-TEPA

HY-17574 100mg
EUR 142.8

Thio-TEPA

T1250-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-TEPA

Thio-TEPA

T1250-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Thio-TEPA

Thio-TEPA

T1250-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-TEPA

Thio-TEPA

T1250-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-TEPA

Thio-TEPA

T1250-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-TEPA

thiO Antibody

1-CSB-PA521738LA01BRJ
  • EUR 380.40
  • EUR 402.00
  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against thiO. Recognizes thiO from Bacillus subtilis. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

Ethyl 2-thio-β-D-fructofuranoside

GC2672-1 1
EUR 1183.8

Ethyl 2-thio-β-D-fructofuranoside

GC2672-100 100
EUR 242.4

Ethyl 2-thio-β-D-fructofuranoside

GC2672-250 250
EUR 400.9

Ethyl 2-thio-β-D-fructofuranoside

GC2672-500 500
EUR 680.5

Ethyl 2-thio-α-D-fructofuranoside

GC8803-1 1
EUR 857.7

Ethyl 2-thio-α-D-fructofuranoside

GC8803-2 2
EUR 1379.7

Ethyl 2-thio-α-D-fructofuranoside

GC8803-250 250
EUR 344.8

Ethyl 2-thio-α-D-fructofuranoside

GC8803-500 500
EUR 522

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

T35002-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

T35002-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

T35002-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

T35002-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

T35002-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

6-Thio-dG

B6009-10 10 mg
EUR 226.8
Description: 6-thio-dG is a nucleoside analogue [1], is a telomerase-mediated telomere disrupting compound [2]. It is an anti-cancer inhibitor [1]. Cancer cells were very sensitive to 6-thio-dG with observed IC50 values ranging from 0.43283.9 ?M, depending on cell types [3].

6-Thio-dG

B6009-25 25 mg
EUR 456
Description: 6-thio-dG is a nucleoside analogue [1], is a telomerase-mediated telomere disrupting compound [2]. It is an anti-cancer inhibitor [1]. Cancer cells were very sensitive to 6-thio-dG with observed IC50 values ranging from 0.43283.9 ?M, depending on cell types [3].

6-Thio-dG

B6009-5 5 mg
EUR 184.8
Description: 6-thio-dG is a nucleoside analogue [1], is a telomerase-mediated telomere disrupting compound [2]. It is an anti-cancer inhibitor [1]. Cancer cells were very sensitive to 6-thio-dG with observed IC50 values ranging from 0.43283.9 ?M, depending on cell types [3].

6-Thio-dG

B6009-50 50mg
EUR 546
Description: telomere disrupting compound

6-thio-dG

561277 5.0mg
EUR 250

4-Thio-UMP

NU-1154L 5 x 50µl
EUR 439.5

4-Thio-UMP

NU-1154S 50µl
EUR 150.1

4-Thio-UDP

NU-1155L 5 x 20µl
EUR 439.5

4-Thio-UDP

NU-1155S 20µl
EUR 150.1

4-Thio-UTP

NU-1156L 5 x 10µl
EUR 352.16

4-Thio-UTP

NU-1156S 10µl
EUR 103.1

6-Thio-GTP

NU-1106L 5 x 150µl
EUR 461.7

6-Thio-GTP

NU-1106S 150µl
EUR 157.6

6-Thio-GDP

NU-1120L 5 x 50µl
EUR 439.5

6-Thio-GDP

NU-1120S 50µl
EUR 150.1

6-Thio-GMP

NU-1121L 5 x 150µl
EUR 461.7

6-Thio-GMP

NU-1121S 150µl
EUR 157.6

6-Thio-dGTP

NU-1213L 5 x 50µl
EUR 439

6-Thio-dGTP

NU-1213S 50µl
EUR 150

6-Thio-GpCp

NU-417L 5 x 30µl
EUR 461.7

6-Thio-GpCp

NU-417S 30µl
EUR 157.6

4-Thio-dTTP

B8103-.01 10ul (100 mM)
EUR 72

4-Thio-dTTP

B8103-.05 50ul (100 mM)
EUR 339

4-Thio-dTTP

B8103-.1 100ul (100 mM)
EUR 582

6-Thio-dGTP

B8106-.01 10ul (100 mM)
EUR 233

6-Thio-dGTP

B8106-.05 50ul (100 mM)
EUR 1068

6-Thio-dGTP

B8106-.1 100ul (100 mM)
EUR 2091

6-Thio-GppCp

NU-418L 5 x 50µl
EUR 461.7

6-Thio-GppCp

NU-418S 50µl
EUR 157.6

6-Thio-GppNHp

NU-419L 5 x 30µl
EUR 461.7

6-Thio-GppNHp

NU-419S 30µl
EUR 157.6

4-Thio-uridine

N-1090-100 100mg
EUR 210.3

4-Thio-uridine

N-1090-250 250mg
EUR 382.4

Palmitoyl thio-PC

T37244-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Palmitoyl thio-PC

Palmitoyl thio-PC

T37244-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Palmitoyl thio-PC

Palmitoyl thio-PC

T37244-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Palmitoyl thio-PC

Palmitoyl thio-PC

T37244-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Palmitoyl thio-PC

Palmitoyl thio-PC

T37244-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: Palmitoyl thio-PC

Arachidonoyl thio-PC

T37580-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Arachidonoyl thio-PC

Arachidonoyl thio-PC

T37580-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Arachidonoyl thio-PC

Arachidonoyl thio-PC

T37580-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Arachidonoyl thio-PC

Arachidonoyl thio-PC

T37580-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Arachidonoyl thio-PC

Arachidonoyl thio-PC

T37580-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: Arachidonoyl thio-PC

thiO Polyclonal Antibody

A56603
  • EUR 684.66
  • EUR 117.70
  • EUR 302.50
  • EUR 423.50
  • 100 µg
  • 20 ul
  • 50 ul
  • 100 ul

Fluid Thio Medium 500gm

225650 EACH
EUR 139.2

5-Thio-D-glucose

T11002 5MG
EUR 285.21

4-Thio-ethyl-UTP

NU-1186L 5 x 20µl
EUR 439.5

4-Thio-ethyl-UTP

NU-1186S 20µl
EUR 150.1

4-Thio-methyl-UTP

NU-1187L 5 x 20µl
EUR 439.5

4-Thio-methyl-UTP

NU-1187S 20µl
EUR 150.1

thiO Antibody, HRP conjugated

1-CSB-PA521738LB01BRJ
  • EUR 380.40
  • EUR 402.00
  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against thiO. Recognizes thiO from Bacillus subtilis. This antibody is HRP conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

Glycine Oxidase (thiO) Antibody

20-abx109408
  • EUR 493.20
  • EUR 2214.00
  • EUR 718.80
  • EUR 218.40
  • EUR 360.00
  • 100 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 20 ug
  • 50 ug

thiO Antibody, FITC conjugated

1-CSB-PA521738LC01BRJ
  • EUR 380.40
  • EUR 402.00
  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against thiO. Recognizes thiO from Bacillus subtilis. This antibody is FITC conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-b-D-arabinouridine

TNU0518-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: 2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-b-D-arabinouridine

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-b-D-arabinouridine

TNU0518-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: 2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-b-D-arabinouridine

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-b-D-arabinouridine

TNU0518-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: 2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-b-D-arabinouridine

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-b-D-arabinouridine

TNU0518-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: 2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-b-D-arabinouridine

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-b-D-arabinouridine

TNU0518-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: 2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-b-D-arabinouridine

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-a-D-arabinouridine

TNU1442-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: 2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-a-D-arabinouridine

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-a-D-arabinouridine

TNU1442-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: 2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-a-D-arabinouridine

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-a-D-arabinouridine

TNU1442-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: 2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-a-D-arabinouridine

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-a-D-arabinouridine

TNU1442-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: 2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-a-D-arabinouridine

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-a-D-arabinouridine

TNU1442-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: 2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thio-a-D-arabinouridine

thiO Antibody, Biotin conjugated

1-CSB-PA521738LD01BRJ
  • EUR 380.40
  • EUR 402.00
  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against thiO. Recognizes thiO from Bacillus subtilis. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

Ethanol, 2-((5-amino-4-(octyloxy)benzyl)thio)-

T31691-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Ethanol, 2-((5-amino-4-(octyloxy)benzyl)thio)-

Ethanol, 2-((5-amino-4-(octyloxy)benzyl)thio)-

T31691-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Ethanol, 2-((5-amino-4-(octyloxy)benzyl)thio)-

Ethanol, 2-((5-amino-4-(octyloxy)benzyl)thio)-

T31691-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Ethanol, 2-((5-amino-4-(octyloxy)benzyl)thio)-

Ethanol, 2-((5-amino-4-(octyloxy)benzyl)thio)-

T31691-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Ethanol, 2-((5-amino-4-(octyloxy)benzyl)thio)-

Ethanol, 2-((5-amino-4-(octyloxy)benzyl)thio)-

T31691-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: Ethanol, 2-((5-amino-4-(octyloxy)benzyl)thio)-

4-Thio-i-butyl-UTP

NU-1185L 5 x 20µl
EUR 439.5

4-Thio-i-butyl-UTP

NU-1185S 20µl
EUR 150.1

4-Thio-n-propyl-UTP

NU-1188L 5 x 20µl
EUR 439.5

4-Thio-n-propyl-UTP

NU-1188S 20µl
EUR 150.1

4-Thio-i-propyl-UTP

NU-1189L 5 x 20µl
EUR 439.5

4-Thio-i-propyl-UTP

NU-1189S 20µl
EUR 150.1

5-Fluoro-4’-thio-cytidine

TNU0589-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: 5-Fluoro-4’-thio-cytidine

5-Fluoro-4’-thio-cytidine

TNU0589-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: 5-Fluoro-4’-thio-cytidine

5-Fluoro-4’-thio-cytidine

TNU0589-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: 5-Fluoro-4’-thio-cytidine

5-Fluoro-4’-thio-cytidine

TNU0589-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: 5-Fluoro-4’-thio-cytidine

5-Fluoro-4’-thio-cytidine

TNU0589-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: 5-Fluoro-4’-thio-cytidine

Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, methiodide

T34837-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, methiodide

Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, methiodide

T34837-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, methiodide

Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, methiodide

T34837-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, methiodide

Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, methiodide

T34837-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, methiodide

Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, methiodide

T34837-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, methiodide

N6-Ethyl-4’-thio-adenosine

TNU0581-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: N6-Ethyl-4’-thio-adenosine

N6-Ethyl-4’-thio-adenosine

TNU0581-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: N6-Ethyl-4’-thio-adenosine

N6-Ethyl-4’-thio-adenosine

TNU0581-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: N6-Ethyl-4’-thio-adenosine

N6-Ethyl-4’-thio-adenosine

TNU0581-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: N6-Ethyl-4’-thio-adenosine

N6-Ethyl-4’-thio-adenosine

TNU0581-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: N6-Ethyl-4’-thio-adenosine

N6-Methyl-4’-thio-adenosine

TNU0582-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: N6-Methyl-4’-thio-adenosine

N6-Methyl-4’-thio-adenosine

TNU0582-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: N6-Methyl-4’-thio-adenosine

N6-Methyl-4’-thio-adenosine

TNU0582-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: N6-Methyl-4’-thio-adenosine

N6-Methyl-4’-thio-adenosine

TNU0582-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: N6-Methyl-4’-thio-adenosine

N6-Methyl-4’-thio-adenosine

TNU0582-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: N6-Methyl-4’-thio-adenosine

Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, hydrochloride

T34836-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, hydrochloride

Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, hydrochloride

T34836-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, hydrochloride

Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, hydrochloride

T34836-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, hydrochloride

Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, hydrochloride

T34836-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Theophylline, 7-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-6-thio-, hydrochloride

While a knowledge gap exists on hazards related to nanomaterials in general, there is a need to establish realistic regulatory study designs to assess the safety of specific products. Furthermore, as many of the existing chitosan applications are not considered nanomaterials, it would be discriminatory to treat biotechnology derived products differently.