Biotechnologically produced chitosan for nanoscale products. A legal analysis.

Conventionally, chitosans are derived from shrimp and other crustacean shells. Biotechnology offers an alternative route to produce chitosans and more importantly, specific chitosan structures tailored to the needs of a diversity of industries.

However, for biotech chitosans and products thereof to be commercialised, legislation should not create a burden. Here, the requirements of the EU regulatory framework have been analysed for the entire chain from research to development and production of several potential applications including nanomaterials.

The animal or biotechnological origin leads to specific requirements in production of the raw material. No EU legislation dedicated to nanomaterials has been adopted. Instead, products are governed under the respective existing product legislation subject to extra requirements for safety assessment.

2-Thio-UTP

B7984-.1 100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 902.4
Description: Modified Nucleotides

2-Thio-CTP

B7988-.01 10 µl (100 mM)
EUR 126.4
Description: Modified Nucleotides

2-Thio-CTP

B7988-.05 50 µl (100 mM)
EUR 532.8
Description: Modified Nucleotides

2-Thio-CTP

B7988-.1 100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 902.4
Description: Modified Nucleotides

2-Thio-PAF

HY-101263 10mg(46.32 mM * 400 uL in Ethanol)
EUR 687.24
Description: 2-Thio-PAF, a synthetic analog of PAF, is used in a colorimetric assay for PAF acetylhydrolases[1].

2-Thio-PAF

MBS5771797-5mg 5mg
EUR 915

2-Thio-PAF

MBS5771797-5x5mg 5x5mg
EUR 3970

2-Thio-UTP

NU-1151L 5 x 10µl
EUR 150.4

2-Thio-UTP

NU-1151S 10µl
EUR 41.26

2-Thio-PAF

T19104-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Thio-PAF

2-Thio-PAF

T19104-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: 2-Thio-PAF

2-Thio-PAF

T19104-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Thio-PAF

2-Thio-PAF

T19104-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Thio-PAF

2-Thio-PAF

T19104-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Thio-PAF

2-Thio-dTTP

B8100-.01 10ul (100 mM)
EUR 88
Description: Modified Nucleotides

2-Thio-dTTP

B8100-.05 50ul (100 mM)
EUR 362.4
Description: Modified Nucleotides

2-Thio-dTTP

B8100-.1 100ul (100 mM)
EUR 651.2
Description: Modified Nucleotides

2-Thio-dCTP

B8104-.01 10ul (100 mM)
EUR 88
Description: Modified Nucleotides

2-Thio-dCTP

B8104-.05 50ul (100 mM)
EUR 362.4
Description: Modified Nucleotides

2-Thio-dCTP

B8104-.1 100ul (100 mM)
EUR 651.2
Description: Modified Nucleotides

2-Thio 2'-Deoxyuridine

MBS6108537-10mg 10(mg
EUR 610

2-Thio 2'-Deoxyuridine

MBS6108537-5x10mg 5x10mg
EUR 2600

2-Thio 2'-Deoxyuridine

T350100 2.5mg
EUR 1453

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

MBS5779013-INQUIRE INQUIRE Ask for price

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

T29374-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

T29374-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: 2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

T29374-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

T29374-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

T29374-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: 2-Quinolineacetamide, thio-

2-Thio-2'-deoxy Cytidine

MBS6056856-10mg 10(mg
EUR 610

2-Thio-2'-deoxy Cytidine

MBS6056856-5x10mg 5x10mg
EUR 2600

2-Thio-2’-deoxy Cytidine

T350050 250mg
EUR 3000
Description: 169557-13-5

2-Thio-2’-deoxy Cytidine

TRC-T350050-250MG 250 mg Ask for price

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

HY-18762 10mM/1mL
EUR 389.62
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine is a nucleoside analogue that can be incorporated into de novo-synthesized telomeres by telomerase.

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

T6746-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

T6746-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

T6746-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

T6746-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

T6746-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

2-Thio-6-Oxypurine_x000D__x000D_

T11515 1G
EUR 145.95
Description: CAS N° 2487-40-3

2-Thio-UTP (tetrasodium)

HY-108650 Get quote Ask for price
Description: 2-Thio-UTP tetrasodium is a potent P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y6 agonist, which an be used for the research of cancer[1].

Thio-oxidized Coenzyme I (Thio-NAD+)

N8210
  • Ask for price
  • Ask for price
  • Ask for price
  • Ask for price
  • 100 mg
  • 500 mg
  • 1 g
  • 5 g

2-Thio-dT 2 µmol scale

26-6537-03 1 Each Ask for price

Thio-2-rU (s2U) 2 µmol scale

27-6537-03 1 Each Ask for price

1-[(2-Chlorophenyl)thio]-2-propanone

MBS6059378-500mg 500(mg
EUR 610

1-[(2-Chlorophenyl)thio]-2-propanone

MBS6059378-5x500mg 5x500mg
EUR 2600

Thio-NAD

9483-1000 each
EUR 1299.6

Thio-NAD

9483-250 each
EUR 627.6

Thio-NAD

9483-50 each
EUR 235.2

Thio-ITP

HY-115755 Get quote Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP (6-Thioinosine 5′-triphosphate) is an RNA polymerase activity competitive inhibitor. Thio-ITP has a high apparent affinity for the polymerases (RNA polymerase I Ki: 40.9 μM; RNA polymerase II Ki: 38.0 μM)[1].

Thio-ITP

MBS5800620-5mg 5(mg
EUR 915

Thio-ITP

MBS5800620-5x5mg 5x5(mg
EUR 3970

Thio-ITP

T40359-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP

Thio-ITP

T40359-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP

Thio-ITP

T40359-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP

Thio-ITP

T40359-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP

Thio-ITP

T40359-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-ITP

Thio-TEPA

B3742-100 100mg
EUR 192
Description: DNA Damage/DNA Repair|DNA Alkylating

Thio-TEPA

B3742-1000 1 g
EUR 61
Description: alkylating agent used to treat cancer

Thio-TEPA

B3742-25 25mg
EUR 72
Description: DNA Damage/DNA Repair|DNA Alkylating

Thio-TEPA

B3742-5.1 10 mM (in 1mL DMSO)
EUR 76
Description: DNA Damage/DNA Repair|DNA Alkylating

Thio-TEPA

B3742-50 50mg
EUR 108
Description: DNA Damage/DNA Repair|DNA Alkylating

Thio-NADP

HY-154924 Get quote Ask for price
Description: Thio-NADP (S-NADP) is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.

Thio-NADH

HY-154925 Get quote Ask for price
Description: Thio-NADH is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.

Thio-TEPA

HY-17574 100mg
EUR 151.52
Description: Thio-TEPA is a DNA alkylating agent, with antitumor activity.

Thio-TEPA

MBS3604840-100mg 100mg
EUR 200

Thio-TEPA

MBS3604840-200mg 200mg
EUR 225

Thio-TEPA

MBS3604840-5x200mg 5x200mg
EUR 695

Thio-TEPA

T1250-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-TEPA

Thio-TEPA

T1250-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Thio-TEPA

Thio-TEPA

T1250-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-TEPA

Thio-TEPA

T1250-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-TEPA

Thio-TEPA

T1250-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: Thio-TEPA

2-((2-Isopropylphenyl)thio)benzoic Acid

I873908 100mg
EUR 87

2-((2-Isopropylphenyl)thio)benzoic Acid

TRC-I873908-100MG 100 mg Ask for price

2-((2-Isopropylphenyl)thio)benzoic Acid

TRC-I873908-250MG 250 mg Ask for price

2-((2-Isopropylphenyl)thio)benzoic Acid

TRC-I873908-50MG 50 mg Ask for price

2-[(Diphenylmethyl)thio]acetic Acid

D491830 500mg
EUR 110
Description: 63547-22-8

2-[(Diphenylmethyl)thio]acetic Acid

TRC-D491830-500MG 500 mg Ask for price

thiO Antibody

1-CSB-PA521738LA01BRJ
  • Ask for price
  • Ask for price
  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against thiO. Recognizes thiO from Bacillus subtilis. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

2-[(3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl)thio]adenosine

T792665 100mg
EUR 1800
Description: 163706-51-2

2-[(3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl)thio]adenosine

TRC-T792665-100MG 100 mg Ask for price

Thio-Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide, Oxidized (Thio-NAD)

MBS682168-1g 1g
EUR 785

Thio-Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide, Reduced (Thio-NADH)

MBS682171-100mg 100mg
EUR 540

Thio-Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide, Oxidized (Thio-NAD)

MBS682174-100mg 100mg
EUR 380

Ethyl 2-thio-α-D-fructofuranoside

GC8803 250mg
EUR 1263.27

Ethyl 2-thio-α-D-fructofuranoside

GC8803-1 1
EUR 857.7

Ethyl 2-thio-α-D-fructofuranoside

GC8803-2 2
EUR 1379.7

Ethyl 2-thio-α-D-fructofuranoside

GC8803-250 250
EUR 344.8

Ethyl 2-thio-α-D-fructofuranoside

GC8803-500 500
EUR 522

Ethyl 2-thio-β-D-fructofuranoside

GC2672 100mg
EUR 1083.98

Ethyl 2-thio-β-D-fructofuranoside

GC2672-1 1
EUR 1183.8

Ethyl 2-thio-β-D-fructofuranoside

GC2672-100 100
EUR 242.4

Ethyl 2-thio-β-D-fructofuranoside

GC2672-250 250
EUR 400.9

Ethyl 2-thio-β-D-fructofuranoside

GC2672-500 500
EUR 680.5

2-Thio-dT 1 µmol scale

26-6537-01 1 Each Ask for price

2-Thio-dT 10 µmol scale

26-6537-10 1 Each Ask for price

2-Thio-dT 15 µmol scale

26-6537-15 1 Each Ask for price

2-Thio-dT 25 nmol scale

26-6537-25 1 Each Ask for price

2-Thio-dT 200 nmol scale

26-6537-02 1 Each Ask for price

2-Thio-dT 50 nmol scale

26-6537-05 1 Each Ask for price

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

MBS5784483-INQUIRE INQUIRE Ask for price

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

T35002-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

T35002-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

T35002-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

T35002-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

T35002-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: Urea, 1-(L-glucosyl)-2-thio-

Thio-4-rU (s4U) 2 µmol scale

27-6445-03 1 Each Ask for price

Thio-2-rU (s2U) 1 µmol scale

27-6537-01 1 Each Ask for price

Thio-2-rU (s2U) 200 nmol scale

27-6537-02 1 Each Ask for price

Thio-2-rU (s2U) 50 nmol scale

27-6537-05 1 Each Ask for price

Thio-2-rU (s2U) 5 µmol scale

27-6537-06 1 Each Ask for price

Thio-2-rU (s2U) 25 nmol scale

27-6537-25 1 Each Ask for price

Thio-2-dT (S2dT) 5 µmol scale

26-6537-06 1 Each Ask for price

Thio-4-dT (S4dT) 2 µmol scale

26-6538-03 1 Each Ask for price

2-[(2-Nitrophenyl)thio]acetic Acid Hydrazide

N506005 1g
EUR 1800
Description: 4871-40-3

2-[(2-Nitrophenyl)thio]acetic Acid Hydrazide

TRC-N506005-1G 1 g Ask for price

6-thio-dG

561277 5.0mg
EUR 250

6-Thio-dG

B6009-10 10 mg
EUR 93.6
Description: DNA Damage/DNA Repair|Telomerase

6-Thio-dG

B6009-25 25 mg
EUR 278.4
Description: DNA Damage/DNA Repair|Telomerase

6-Thio-dG

B6009-5 5 mg
EUR 86.4
Description: DNA Damage/DNA Repair|Telomerase

6-Thio-dG

B6009-50 50mg
EUR 436.8
Description: DNA Damage/DNA Repair|Telomerase

6-Thio-dG

MBS3841242-10mg 10mg
EUR 170

6-Thio-dG

MBS3841242-25mg 25mg
EUR 245

6-Thio-dG

MBS3841242-50mg 50mg
EUR 380

6-Thio-dG

MBS3841242-5x50mg 5x50mg
EUR 1710

6-Thio-dG

MBS3609102-50mg 50mg
EUR 440

6-Thio-dG

MBS3609102-5x50mg 5x50mg
EUR 1665

2-[(4-Methylphenyl)thio]propanoic Acid

M339405 100mg
EUR 69
Description: 17431-98-0

2-[(4-Methylphenyl)thio]propanoic Acid

TRC-M339405-10MG 10 mg Ask for price

2-[(4-Methylphenyl)thio]propanoic Acid

TRC-M339405-100MG 100 mg Ask for price

2-[(4-Methylphenyl)thio]propanoic Acid

TRC-M339405-50MG 50 mg Ask for price

4-Thio-UTP

B7978-.01 10 µl (100 mM)
EUR 153.6
Description: Modified Nucleotides

4-Thio-UTP

B7978-.05 50 µl (100 mM)
EUR 675.2
Description: Modified Nucleotides

4-Thio-UTP

B7978-.1 100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 1225.6
Description: Modified Nucleotides

6-Thio-GTP

NU-1106L 5 x 150µl
EUR 349.05

6-Thio-GTP

NU-1106S 150µl
EUR 119.15

6-Thio-GDP

NU-1120L 5 x 50µl
EUR 332.26

6-Thio-GDP

NU-1120S 50µl
EUR 113.48

6-Thio-GMP

NU-1121L 5 x 150µl
EUR 349.05

6-Thio-GMP

NU-1121S 150µl
EUR 119.15

4-Thio-UMP

NU-1154L 5 x 50µl
EUR 332.26

4-Thio-UMP

NU-1154S 50µl
EUR 113.48

4-Thio-UDP

NU-1155L 5 x 20µl
EUR 332.26

4-Thio-UDP

NU-1155S 20µl
EUR 113.48

4-Thio-UTP

NU-1156L 5 x 10µl
EUR 266.23

4-Thio-UTP

NU-1156S 10µl
EUR 77.94

2-[(Diphenylmethyl)thio]acetic Acid-d10

D491832 50mg
EUR 150

2-[(Diphenylmethyl)thio]acetic Acid-d10

MBS6110381-5mg 5(mg
EUR 485

2-[(Diphenylmethyl)thio]acetic Acid-d10

MBS6110381-5x5mg 5x5(mg
EUR 2025

2-[(Diphenylmethyl)thio]acetic Acid-d10

TRC-D491832-50MG 50 mg Ask for price

2-[(Diphenylmethyl)thio]acetic Acid-d10

TRC-D491832-5MG 5 mg Ask for price

While a knowledge gap exists on hazards related to nanomaterials in general, there is a need to establish realistic regulatory study designs to assess the safety of specific products. Furthermore, as many of the existing chitosan applications are not considered nanomaterials, it would be discriminatory to treat biotechnology derived products differently.